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Clarinet (also known as clarinet or clarinet) is a type of wind instrument made of hard and durable trees, usually ebony. It is an instrument widely used in many countries of the world, including Turkey. 

There are some made of ebonite, which is a type of hard rubber, and there are also some made of metal.

Clarinets consist of five parts, these are:

• Mouthpiece (Bright)

• Barrel

• upper body

• Underbody

• Kalak (also called Pavillon)

The body of the clarinet is cylindrical. The mouth part is wider than the oboe's mouth. Carefully carved and shaped, this reedThe   piece is attached to the mouthpiece. The reed is vibrated by the player's breath, causing the air in the pipe to vibrate sound allows to be obtained. The player's left hand is held upwards and his right hand is held downwards, towards the ground with a slight inclination.

Flute AndOboeLike  , there is a metal mechanism in the body of the clarinet that serves to open and close the sound holes.1840during "Boehm system" After being applied to the flute, Paris Conservatory lecturer and clarinetistKloseHe saw that this system was also suitable for the clarinet, and the Boehm system was applied to the clarinet. Later, this system was developed by different people at different times.

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Clarinet, historicalChalumeau (Şalumo) in the 19th century This woodwind instrument, performed in orchestras under its name, was the ancestor of the clarinet. This name, which comes from French, was the general name of wind instruments. in the same centurydennerHe took the first step towards today's system by developing the instrument maker Şalümo.18. Incorporating the instrument discovered in the 19th century into the orchestra1750 It happened in .1800The clarinet became widespread in chamber orchestras in the 1990s.MozartIt is known that the role of .1812He is a lecturer at the Paris Conservatory inIvan Müller He added different mechanics to the clarinet. Müller's13 keys The instrument he created was more complex than Denner's system. In 1840, the metal key mechanism for sound systems was used in the clarinet, as well as in the flute and oboe. Klose, a lecturer in the Clarinet department at the Paris Conservatory, after applying the Boehm System to the clarinet.1860 Mechanical developments on the instrument continued until 1988.1900-1925Between 1990 and 1999, the clarinet began to take an important place in radio and studio recordings. CurtainThe main purpose of the systems was to obtain better quality acoustics. With Torch in the 1600s1.5 octave Starting out with its broad sound, the clarinet has taken its place in education methods in conservatories and music literature today as the indispensable wind instrument of classical, jazz and pop orchestras with its soft and dark sound in Mozart's concertos and quintets.

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Clarinets have a very crowded family. It consists of many similar types.

• E flat small clarinet (makes the minor triplet sound of the written note sound)

• Re minor clarinet * Do clarinet (announces the same note as written)

• B flat clarinet (produces the major double deep sound of the written note)

• La clarinet (makes the minor triplet deep sound of the written note sound)

• Basset horn (Fa) (Announces the full fifth deep sound of the written note)

• Mi flat alto clarinet (produces the major sixth deep sound of written notes)

• B flat bass clarinet (makes the major ninth deep sound of the written note sound)

• La bass clarinet (announces the 1 octave and minor third deep sound of the written note)

• B flat contrabass clarinet (announces 2 octaves and major double deep sound of the written voice)

All of these instruments are played the same way. Anyone who learns to play one of them well can, after a very short period of getting used to it, play any of the other ones. Only four of them are used permanently in the orchestra.

1. E flat small clarinet

2. B flat clarinet

3. La clarinet

4. B flat bass clarinet

All four instruments are not used in every work. Usually composers use two B-flat clarinets. If it is a trio orchestra formation, a bass clarinet is also added. In larger orchestras, an E flat clarinet and an E flat clarinet may be added.

A clarinet is an instrument very close to the B flat clarinet. The length of the A clarinet is slightly longer than the B flat clarinet, and its tone is slightly darker. The playing style and sound width are the same. However, the B flat clarinet plays the major second half of the written note, and the A clarinet plays the minor third part of the written note. Composers use one of these two types of clarinets. The most important reasons for this are:

1. If a darker tone is desired.

2. If there are many sharps in the work.

3. If it is necessary to use the C sharp sound from the deepest part of the clarinet part.

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The notes of the clarinet are written in the G key. sound width4 octaves up to.

All diatonic and chromatic sounds can be obtained within this width. These sounds are not used much because it is a bit difficult to play notes finer than the G note in the fourth additional line. If it is desired to use it, a small clarinet can be used. It is obtained chromatically from the lowest E note to the B flat note in the next octave by opening the sound holes sequentially from bottom to top. The production of sounds in the lower part of this B-flat is slightly different from that of flute and oboe. In flute and oboe, the sounds that come after the deepest fundamental sounds are obtained as the second congeners (one octave thin) of these fundamental sounds, and in the lower ones, they are generally obtained as the fourth congeners (two octaves thin) of the principal sounds. On the clarinet (since its body is cylindrical), the resulting chords are odd numbers (3, 5, 7, 9). The third line, the Si sound, is the third continuum of the Mi sound, which is the deepest written sound of the clarinet, and can be produced as a result of lip and breath adjustment and the help of an auxiliary pitch, that is, it is 1 octave and a full 5th. The sounds from this Si sound to the third additional line Fa are obtained chromatically in this way. The sounds in the finer parts of Fa are obtained in various ways, which may vary depending on each clarinetist and clarinet structure.

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The clarinet has four different resonance zones:

1. Low tone region: It is the region from the lowest sound, E, to the F sharp note, one octave lower. It can be described with the words rich, metallic, mysterious, dark and dramatic. This sound region is also called the "Şalumo" (Chalumeau) region. "Şalumo" is the name of an old instrument that is the ancestor of the clarinet.

2. Bad sounds: It is the region from the G note to the B flat note three half frets later, they are the worst sounds of the clarinet, they are weak, faded and a little more difficult to obtain.

3. Middle sound region: The second additional line from the note Si to the note C is the most beautiful sounds of the clarinet. This region is called the "Klarino" (Clarino) sound region. The most beautiful and effective clarinet solos were written in this sound region. These sounds are clear, bright, warm and impressive.

4. Thin sound region: The second additional line is the thinner sounds after Do. It has a tone that is harsh and disturbing when played loudly, but warm and soft when played low, close to the sound color of a flute.

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Turkish musicclarinet used in the performance,(G) G Clarinet'truck.AubertThis type of clarinet, made in the Turkish music system, is known in our music for its structure and sound width specific to Turkish Music. In our country1900The Aubert system has been performed on the G clarinet since the 1990s until today. Although B flat clarinet can also be used for Turkish music, due to its ease of playing,G Clarinet is preferred for Turkish music. There are fundamental differences between the two clarinets. The G clarinet is longer than the B flat clarinet.

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When talking about Turkish Music Clarinet masters, the first thing that comes to mind isMustafa Kandıralı income.1930 Kandıra-İzmit born doyen15 He started playing the clarinet professionally from his age, Akopos Alyanaktan received special training and2020 He was accepted as a school of Turkish-style clarinet by receiving many awards throughout his artistic life until his death in 1999.​

Today's Turkish style clarinet master, who is also considered a school, is 1976 in the yearIzmirborn in and 5 who has been playing the clarinet since the age ofHüsnü Şenleyenis.

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